| |
|
Clinically proven
to reduce oxidative stress.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oxidative Stress and Cancer
Cancer is a group of more than 100 different diseases characterized by the uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells and the ability of these cells to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. DNA mutation is a critical step in carcinogenesis and elevated levels of oxidative DNA lesions (8-OH-G) have been noted in various tumors, strongly implicating such damage in the etiology of cancer. Reactive oxygen species are tumorigenic by virtue of their ability to increase cell proliferation, survival, cellular migration, and also by inducing DNA damage leading to genetic lesions that initiate tumorigenicity and sustain subsequent tumor progression.
About Cancer
- In the US, men have a 1 in 2 lifetime risk of developing cancer
- For women, the lifetime risk is 1 in 3 women
- About 77% of all cancers are diagnosed in persons 55 and older.
- Only about 5% of cancers are strongly hereditary
- Anyone can develop cancer
- Most cancers result from damage to genes that occur during one’s lifetime. Mutations may result from internal factors such as hormones or the digestion of nutrients within cells, or external factors such as tobacco, chemicals, and sunlight.
- Thousands of peer-reviewed articles on the role of oxidative stress and cancers have been published. It is widely believed in the scientific community that reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger a host of pro-carcinogenic processes; that is to say, increased oxidative stress increases your risk of developing some form of cancer.
Risk Factors
Overall, environmental factors, defined broadly to include tobacco use, diet, and infectious diseases, as well as chemicals and radiation cause an estimated 75% of all cancer cases in the US. Among these factors, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and lack of physical activity are more likely to affect personal cancer risk. More than 1 million skin cancers are expected to be diagnosed in 2007 that could have been prevented by protection from the sun’s rays.
Risk Reducers
- Don’t smoke, chew, or use snuff.
- Protect yourself from the sun.
- Eat right, stay active, and maintain a healthy weight
- Early detection – recognize symptoms, get regular checkups, and perform self-exams.
- Reduce oxidative stress – take care of your cellular health.
The Studies
Oxidative DNA modifications.
Poulsen HE; Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2005 Jul;57 Suppl 1:161-9
Oxidative DNA modifications are frequent in mammalian DNA and have been suggested an important mechanism in carcinogenesis, diabetes and ageing. The foundations for this suggestion are: Evidence for the importance of oxidative DNA modifications in cancer development is: high levels of oxidative lesions in cancer tissue; highly conserved and specific DNA repair systems targeting oxidative lesions; high levels of oxidative DNA lesions in oxidative DNA repair knock-out animals; defective repair of oxidative lesions in cancer-prone progeria syndromes; reduced cancer incidence in populations with high dietary antioxidant intake; and increased oxidative stress to DNA in tobacco smokers. Conflicting evidence for a relation between oxidative stress to DNA and cancer is: disagreement about the true levels and occurrence of the oxidative lesions in vivo; failure to identify the localization of oxidative lesions in important genes, e.g. tumor suppressor and oncogenes; lack of evidence that the oxidative lesions induce mutations in vivo; no cancer development in animals knocked-out for specific DNA repair enzymes in spite of high tissue levels of oxidative lesions; and unchanged cancer rates after antioxidant interventions in large clinical controlled and randomized trials. The rate of DNA oxidation has been | | |
|
|
|
|
|