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Clinically proven
to reduce oxidative stress.
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MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Antioxidants in multiple sclerosis: do they have a role in therapy?
Carlson NG, Rose JW. CNS Drugs. 2006;20(6):433-41
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease, with inflammation and neurodegeneration contributing to neuronal demyelination and axonal injury. Current therapies for MS are directed toward modulation of the immune response; however, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress is an important component in the pathogenesis of MS. The inflammatory environment in demyelinating lesions is conducive to the generation of reactive oxygen species. When these species are generated in MS and animal models of MS, products such as peroxynitrite and superoxide are formed that are highly toxic to cells. There are several examples of potential beneficial effects from various antioxidants in animal models of MS, but the efficacy may vary between different agents and, in some instances, may yield deleterious effects. Despite these promising results in animal models, there is limited and conflicting evidence of potential therapeutic effects of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E in treating MS. However, clinical trials in MS patients with more potent antioxidants, identified in animal studies, have been initiated.
Increased levels of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma of patiens with multiple sclerosis: a relationship with paraoxonase activity.
Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Principi F, Di Ludovico F, Viti B, Angeleri VA, Danni M, Provinciali L. Mult Scler. 2005 Dec;11(6):677-82
Paraoxonase, an enzyme associated with high density lipoproteins (HDL), plays an important role in the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties exerted by HDL. Increasing evidence supports a role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the inflammatory processes and in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between oxidative damage and MS; therefore we compared the paraoxonase activity and levels of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CE-OOH), as marker of lipid peroxidation, in plasma isolated from healthy subjects (n = 89) and from MS patients (n = 24) in the early stage disability (EDSS<3.5). Our results demonstrated for the first time that the activity of paraoxonase in the plasma of MS subjects was significantly lower with respect to controls (P <0.001). Moreover, our results showed a significant increase in the levels of CE-OOH in plasma from MS subjects (P<0.001). CE-OOH are biologically active substances derived from the oxidation of cholesteryl ester localized in the hydrophobic core of plasma lipoproteins (HDL, LDL). Therefore, our study demonstrates alterations of lipoprotein peroxidation in MS and provides further evidence that oxidative stress and impairment of the anti-oxidant system may play a role in MS.
Oxidative stress in serum and peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with different courses of multiple sclerosis.
Koch MW, Ramsaransing GS, Arutjunyan AV, Stepanov M, Teelken A, Heersema DJ, De Keyser J. J Neurol. 2006 Apr;253(4):483-7. Epub 2005 Nov 14
BACKGROUND: The role of oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To investigate oxidative stress in serum and peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with different disease courses of MS.METHODS: Diene conjugate (DC) levels (a measure of lipid peroxidation), total antioxidative activity (AOA) and total antiradical activity (ARA) were measured in serum and peripheral blood leukocytes from 30 patients with benign relapsing remitting MS (BMS), 27 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), 29 with primary progressive MS (PPMS), and 30 healthy controls. All MS patients were in a clinically stable phase.RESULTS: Serum DC levels were elevated in patients with BMS (p <0.05), SPMS (p <0.01) and PPMS (p <0.001). Serum total AOA and ARA were not different between MS patients and controls. Compared to controls, leukocyte DC levels were not different in each MS subgroup, but total ARA was elevated. There was a strong correlation, both in controls and MS patients, between leukocyte DC levels and leukocyte total ARA (p <0.0001) and leukocyte total AOA (p <0.0001).CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress occurs in progressive as well as benign MS. The finding that cells withstand oxidative stress, due to upregulated cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms, suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in MS is not necessarily deleterious.
Intracellular oxidative activity and respiratory burst of leukocytes isolated from multiple sclerosis patients.
Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, DiLudovico F, Viti B, Angeleri VA, Danni M, Provinciali L. Neurochem Int. 2006 Jan;48(2):87-92. Epub 2005 Nov 2
Oxidative damage induced by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) disease and it has been hypothesised that oxidative injury could mediate demyelination and axonal injury in MS subjects. In our study, we compared intracellular oxidative activity and the respiratory burst activity in MS patients (n=20) and healthy controls (n=15) using leukocytes as cellular model |
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